安装MySQL 5.7导入数据，修改密码，创建账号并授权

1. 准备工作

sudo yum update -y
sudo yum install -y wget libaio numactl

2. 下载 MySQL 5.7 二进制包

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

3. 创建 MySQL 用户和组

sudo groupadd mysql
sudo useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

4. 解压并安装 MySQL

sudo tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

5. 创建数据目录并设置权限

sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

6. 初始化 MySQL

cd /usr/local/mysql
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqld
 
2025-05-28T02:52:48.238588Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (lqoeIokr3y=

7. 配置 MySQL 服务

vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data
socket=/data/mysql/data/mysql.sock
user=mysql
symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

8. 创建 systemd 服务文件

sudo cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
创建 systemd 服务文件 /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service：

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

9. 启动 MySQL 服务

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

10. 设置环境变量

echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

导入数据
方法1、mysql -u root  -p < /data/bak/eblp.sql

方法2、进入使命行后

use db;

SOURCE /home/qitan/soft/mysql/dna.sql;

11. 安全设置和修改 root 密码

mysql -u root -p

然后修改 root 密码：
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '你的新密码';
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'dna@2025';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

12. 可选配置
如果需要远程访问：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'dna@2025' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

验证安装
mysql --version
systemctl status mysqld

创建用户
CREATE USER 'user_eblp'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON eblp.* TO 'user_eblp'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

验证权限wh
sql
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'user_eblp'@'%';