SpringBoot 框架实现文件上传下载分享

SpringBoot 文件上传下载是我们常用的功能，比如图片、视频上传、下载和更新等功能的实现。下面我们详细分析一下：

1、pom.xml包引入

<!-- 基础 web 依赖（包含文件上传支持）  -->
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- 文件操作工具类 -->
<dependency><groupId>commons-io</groupId><artifactId>commons-io</artifactId><version>2.11.0</version>
</dependency>

2、存储目录设计

/data/project_files/
    ├── images/
    │   ├── 202405/
    │   └── 202406/
    └── videos/
        ├── 202405/
        └── 202406/

• 使用 UUID 生成唯一文件名（保留原始扩展名）
• 按年月生成子目录（防止单目录文件过多）
• 推荐存储绝对路径到数据库（如：/images/202405/uuid123.jpg）

3、配置文件信息

# win环境文件存储根目录 
file.upload-dir=D:/data/project_files/#linux环境
file.upload-dir=/data/project_files/# 上传大小限制（默认1MB，按需调整） 
spring.servlet.multipart.max-file-size=100MB
spring.servlet.multipart.max-request-size=100MB

4、上传接口

@PostMapping("/upload")
public ApiResult uploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file, @RequestParam String fileType) throws IOException {// 验证文件类型if (!Arrays.asList("image", "video").contains(fileType)) {return ApiResult.error("Invalid file type");}// 生成存储路径String datePath = LocalDate.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMM"));String fileExt = FilenameUtils.getExtension(file.getOriginalFilename());String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();String relativePath = String.format("/%s/%s/%s.%s", fileType + "s", datePath, uuid, fileExt);// 保存文件File dest = new File(uploadDir + relativePath);FileUtils.forceMkdirParent(dest);file.transferTo(dest);return ApiResult.ok(relativePath);}

直接获取下载地址上传方式

 

    @PostMapping("/uploadFile")@ApiOperation(value="文件上传",notes = "文件上传-√")public String uploadFile(@RequestParam("file")MultipartFile file, @RequestParam String fileType) throws IOException {// 验证文件类型if (!Arrays.asList("image", "video").contains(fileType)) {return CommonResponse.buildErrorResponse("Error file type");}// 生成存储路径String datePath = LocalDate.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMM"));String fileExt = FilenameUtils.getExtension(file.getOriginalFilename());String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();String relativePath = String.format("/%s/%s/%s.%s",fileType + "s", datePath, uuid, fileExt);// 保存文件File dest = new File(uploadDir + relativePath);FileUtils.forceMkdirParent(dest);file.transferTo(dest);log.info("filePath:{}",fileIpPortUrl+relativePath);return (fileIpPortUrl+relativePath);}

5、下载接口

1）接口下载

 @GetMapping("/download")public ResponseEntity<Resource> downloadFile(@RequestParam String filePath) throws IOException {Path path = Paths.get(uploadDir + filePath);Resource resource = new UrlResource(path.toUri());return ResponseEntity.ok().header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION, "attachment; filename=\"" + resource.getFilename() + "\"").body(resource);}

2）原路径获取下载

    @GetMapping("/download/**")@ApiOperation(value="文件下载接口",notes = "文件下载接口-√")public ResponseEntity<Resource> downloadFile(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {// 获取完整文件路径（需截掉前缀路径）String filePath = request.getServletPath().replaceFirst("/file/******/", "");log.info("filePath:{}",filePath);// 路径安全校验if (filePath.contains("..")) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().build();}Path path = Paths.get(uploadDir + File.separator + filePath);log.info("path:{}",path);Resource resource = new UrlResource(path.toUri());log.info("toUri:{}",path.toUri());if (!resource.exists()) {return ResponseEntity.notFound().build();}return ResponseEntity.ok().header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION,"attachment; filename=\"" + resource.getFilename() + "\"").body(resource);}

 6、修改文件

    @PostMapping("/update")public ApiResult updateFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file,@RequestParam String oldFilePath) throws IOException {// 删除旧文件File oldFile = new File(uploadDir + oldFilePath);if (oldFile.exists()) {FileUtils.forceDelete(oldFile);}// 上传新文件（复用上传逻辑）return uploadFile(file, parseFileType(oldFilePath));}

或者

    import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.io.UrlResource;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.FilenameUtils;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.UUID;@PostMapping("/update")public String updateFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file,@RequestParam String oldFilePath, @RequestParam String fileType) throws IOException {// 删除旧文件File oldFile = new File(uploadDir + oldFilePath);if (oldFile.exists()) {FileUtils.forceDelete(oldFile);}// 上传新文件（复用上传逻辑）return uploadFile(file, fileType);}

到此，文件上传下载分享完成，后期会分享站点上传数据，敬请期待。